At Risk Students

Below is a list of warning signs that an educator may see with these types of abuses. Warning Signs of Potential Abuse: Be aggressive, oppositional, or defiant * Act out, displaying aggressive or disruptive behavior * Fear of going home * Be described as â€Å"accident prone† * Being a low achiever * Showing regressive or less mature behavior * Dislike or shrink from physical contact These are just a few of the signs that are listed as â€Å"Behavioral Clues That May Indicate Child Abuse† (Cross-Tower, 2003, Para. ), since bruises are not always a sure indicator of abuse. Warning Signs of Potential Drug Abuse: * Withdrawal * Isolation Fatigue Depression * Aggressive Rebellious Behavior * Change in Friends * Drop in Academic Performance These are a few of the signs that In an article by Bowers (2013) and according to him, â€Å"[m]ore than one of these behavioral changes must be present In the student for a substantial amount of time before an assumption is made by a te acher about drug use† (up. 2).Warning Signs of Suicidal Tendencies: * Loss of interest in activities previously enjoyed * â€Å"Acting out† verbally or physically, at home or at school * Preoccupation with death and dying * Loss of Interest or participation In school life Sudden reports of trouble at school * Difficulty concentrating These are a few signs that could indicate, â€Å"[p]attention signs of suicidal feelings and Houghton† (Boson's Children Hospital, 2013, Para. 18); however, these could also be signs of depression.Moreover, a teacher should see assistance If these signs appear If one of my students had any of these signs, I would be concerned. The first thing I would do is my research and find out what the protocols are when reporting suspicions of child mistreatment or abuse. Secondly, in these cases I wouldn't second guess myself and I would report my suspicions to the appropriate authority, in addition, I would indicate that these are suspicions a nd that I do not know for sure if abuse is occurring. Furthermore I would do was talk to the child to see if they are willing to disclose what is going on with him or her.If the child discloses anything, I will add that to my suspicions when I turn in my report to the proper authorities. I will continue to keep a watchful eye on the student, and if anything else occurs after I make my report, I will turn that information in as well. Next, I will follow the progress that is going on in the case and ask for any updates available. Moreover, my main priority at all times is my student's well-being and I will continue to report each case f abuse I witness because it is my responsibility to ensure my student's safety and well-being when he or she is in my care.

Language Disorders

Language development is connected to the physical maturation, cognitive development, and socialization of a person. Yet, the details of the process — the particulars of what happens physiologically, cognitively, and socially in the learning of language — are still being debated.   Language disorders are the impairment or deviant development of the normal processes in language development. These are often characterized by comprehension and/or use of spoken, written, and/or symbol system. The disorder may involve (1) the form of language (phonologic, morphologic, and syntactic systems) (2) the content of language (semantic system), and or (3) the function of language in communication (pragmatic system) in any combination (Committee on Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools of the ASHA, 1982). . The ASHA definitions suggest a classification scheme involving five subsystems or types of language: phonological (sounds), morphological (word forms), syntactical (word order and sentence structure), semantic (word and sentence meanings), and pragmatic (social use of language). According to Hegde (1996), whatever the age of the child being assessed, it is the role of   clinicians to typically follow a set of common procedures that serve as the foundation for the assessment. The assessment procedure usually entails obtaining clinician various types of relevant data such as: – results of visual and/or audiological evaluations; – medical data that may be relevant; – psychological data, including results from cognitive and intelligence testing After that a general overview of a child’s language skills will be suggested, if there is a possible language problem and further assessment is necessary.   In determining the developmental feature of language disorders, however, these are diagnosed separately, the presence of speech or language problems that cannot be explained by an obvious medical condition. For example, linguistic deficits can be confined to expressive language or can extend to receptive abilities, although pure receptive impairment is seldom seen. When it comes to speech output, affected children may fail to produce sounds that would be expected on the basis of age and dialect, which may be associated with difficulties in the planning and execution of the fine motor sequences that underlie speech. It is important t note that although the ideal time to begin treating children with language problems is during the preschool years, many times it is during elementary school that language problems in children become apparent as the child begins to demonstrate deficiencies in reading and writing which hinders academic progress. For preschool children, there are two features that can be associated with language-learning disability classified to be in the morphosyntactic form. Factors like mental retardation, environmental factors, and others could be the causes of these disorders.   Characteristics associated with language problems can include the following: Problematic syntactic skills. – Shorter instead of longer sentences, simpler instead of more complex sentences, single words or phrases in place of sentences, and a limited variety of syntactic structures. Problematic learning of grammatic morphemes – Difficulty with comparatives and superlatives (e.g., small, smaller, smallest), omission of bound morphemes (e.g., past tense-ed, plural-s), and incorrect use of learned grammatic morphemes, including overgeneralizations (e.g., womans/women, goed/went) past the appropriate developmental point. In school-age children or older person, morphosyntactic difficulties have been observed with the following features: Difficulty in using complex words or sentences containing subordinate clauses and suffixes – They may have problems inflecting words using suffixes (e.g., making a plural by adding s, constructing the present progressive by adding ing). Limited length of sentences; sentences are shorter than expected – School-age children with syntactic difficulties might leave out important grammatical markers, such as articles (a, an, the) and might have problems using pronouns correctly (e.g., say her did it instead of she did it). On the area of disorders in features of semantics, preschool children have been observed to have the following difficulties: Slow or delayed language onset – Delayed babbling, slower vocabulary growth rate, delayed acquisition of vocabulary, slowness in combing words into phrases and sentences, and overall slower acquisition of language milestones. Limited amount of language output or expressive language – Limited verbal repertoire, lack of complex or longer word productions, limited amount of vocabulary produced and comprehended, and lack of abstract words in repertoire. On the other hand, disorders of semantics in school age children and adults have been observed with these features: Word-retrieval problems in conversational speech resulting dysfluencies such as repetitions, revisions, and false starts – For example, after hearing the word rumpus five times in the story Where the Wild Things Are, the child might still react to this word in the future as if he or she has never heard it before. Problems with word-definition skills; possibly especially evident in defining scientific and technical words –   For example, when faced with a situation that has rumpus-like characteristics, the child would not be able to use the word to describe the situation. The individual might not be able to make sense of stories, retell them in ways that make sense to listeners, or say things to which others can attach meaning. In the area of pragmatics, the focus is on the context and the function of the utterance. As pragmatics define the social skills of language: how, where, when, and with whom language is used, it is thus heavily dependent on culture, what is viewed as polite in one culture may be seen as weak and unassertive in another. A person with a disorder in pragmatics might not understand how to use language in social situations. For example, the person might start a conversation with a complete stranger by saying something like â€Å"I like planes a lot, and I like to watch them† or say something offensive, such as â€Å"You’re ugly!† or say something totally not connected with the previous statement. Individuals with pragmatic language disorders may not know how to make their needs clear to others or know how to use language for practical purposes. Thus, problems in this area originate from the previous two disorders (morphosyntactic and semantics) because the feature of this disorder rely on the goals or functions of language, the use of context to determine what form to use to achieve these goals, and the rules for carrying out cooperative conversations; all of which are rooted in the previous two. The proper approach to these disorders demands classification, but human beings and their language are very difficult to categorize. Therefore, all classification systems still contain ambiguities, and none can account for all cases. Children or adults may have either more than one primary diagnostic category or characteristics that do not fit into any category. This is in recognition of the fact that each child represents a unique set of circumstances, so language assessment and intervention should be individualized.   

Legalizing Concealed Weapons Essay

Many times people confuse whether or not allowing gun laws actually reduces the crime rate. As gun rights is a natural born right of citizens, some believe that should be banned, and many others believe that the law should be extended to lawful citizens. Based on my own experiences there have been several instances where I wish a legalized weapon was in arms reach. There was an instance about 7 years ago where my little brother and I were the only two in the house and an intruder broke in while we were there. No one was hurt or injured but it was traumatic for two children as it happened right after my mom had went to work. I would have felt more secure and confident if I was to know that a legalized weapon was around for our protection. Through research, why concealed carry laws should be implied into every state’s legislation will be debated and each point of view will be expressed. As this topic applies to everyone, every citizen should have the opportunity to exercise thei r rights. Many people are victims to crimes that they could have gotten away from. How many rape cases could have been avoided? How many school shootings could have been prevented before the shooting began? All of the latter mentioned cases are incidents that could significantly reduce our crime rate if concealed carry laws were in effect in every state. Also included in this essay will be a viewpoint of the opposing side and how that side is not all the way accurate. Using my research and focusing on how carrying concealed weapons aids our Americans I will be able to shrink my topic to a point where I can talk about a variety of things that are not too broad to where I do not have enough information to make a solid argument. Within these two subjects, statistics and reasoning as well as extensive research and detailing will be presented in hopes of persuading the reader that legalizing concealed weapons truly helps in protecting our citizens. My topic is pro-legalizing concealed carry  weapons. I live in a neighborhood and near a city where crime is steadily increasing from robberies to murders. I personal ly feel that if citizens were allowed to carry concealed weapons the crime rate would be at an all-time low. A lot of people, in my opinion, commit crimes because they know that they will either not get caught or will only receive jail time which in some cases they are prepared to bail themselves out. To one that may seem like a legit punishment and although it may be, there are so many ways that it could all be avoided. The number one way would be legalizing concealed weapons so that we as citizens can be prepared for any confrontation with crime. Based on my prior feelings and preconceptions on this topic I will be looking to persuade anyone that reads my overall paper that carrying concealed weapons overall helps the communities in more ways than one. There have been a number of incidents where a brave soul who took advantage of the given right to carry a concealed weapon took matters into their own hands and saved lives whether it had been one or one hundred. Many of these stories go unnoticed and I will be bringing just a handful of those to the light. In order to make that successful the main sources that I will be putting emphasis on will be the sources that prove in certain scenarios have prevented criminal activity. While watching a few different videos concerning carrying concealed weapons I will be taking notes on the specific details that support my topic such as how these cases where citizens used concealed weapons to save lives. Social media is a great avenue to pull out things that people do not get to see or hear about every day. The people that oppose concealed carry might not realize how important being able to protect yourself and your surroundings are. This will give the readers a chance to put in perspective how they would be if they were confronted in that exact situation and be enlightened that them too have that opportunity to ensure safety with themselves, their families, and everyone else around them. Although social media can be abused in so many ways it is a great way to see incidents first hand as if you wer e there even though you were not. The videos I will be using are pulled from live evidence of a brave soul enforcing their right to carry concealed weapons to save others. Another video will be a news broadcast explaining how this same thing helps the community. Because I am not searching for crime and do not encounter it on a daily basis, I chose to use social media as a resource to observe as it  would be a lot more difficult to observe a live incident where concealed weapons helped people. After all the observations I will be able to prove and show that legalizing concealed weapons is an important factor that should be considered in every state. Crimes and tragedies can happen anywhere. In one particular newscast I found there was a man who opened fire at Clackamas mall in Oregon. This situation was quite different than a lot of stories that are told because for a specific reason the 22 year man who carried the concealed weapon failed to fire. Nick Meli said he refused to open fir because in his tunnel vision be tween him and the shooter, a civilian ran by to escape. In his mind if he had shot and missed the initial target, he would become affiliated with what the gunman was doing which was taking innocent lives. However, this directly applies to my support of concealed carry weapons after Meli made this one statement. â€Å"I’m not beating myself up cause I didn’t shoot him,† said Meli. â€Å"I know after he saw me, I think the last shot he fired was the one he used on himself.† A lot of people’s main opposition of concealed carry is open fire in public places. In this situation all the permit holder had to do was make sure the gunman connected sight with him and his gun and everything was over. Although the gunman took two lives not including his own, Meli saved many lives. This video not only aided my viewpoint of concealed carry but gave a good reason why it should be implemented. In many unheard cases, the gun is not even fired to protect the individual. . Meli made it evident not only tom himself and everyone that witnessed it in the mall but to all the citizens that concealed carry is extremely important for the safety of everyone. No shots have to be fired, no one has to pull a trigger, simply having it around and visible in the sight of crime saves lives. Overall this story strengthened my standpoint on concealed carry weapons. In an effort to find a position to convey the importance of the concealed carry law, I observed a website with several stories regarding crimes and the connection to carrying concealed weapons. A student was leaving a night class and assumed that it would be safer to park in a parking garage as opposed to the student parking on the other side of campus. As every security office was closed she did what she thought was necessary by surveying inside and around her vehicle before entering. In this process she noticed a man bent over in a corner. That same man grabbed her, held her at gunpoint and raped her. It is interesting that  at this specific university concealed carry is completely banned. Although, she had a concealed carry permit she was forced to leave her weapon at home. This is very important because this could and would have saved her from such trauma. After drafting a letter to the president of her university she was granted permission to carry her concealed weapon on campus with certain precautions but at what extent? It should not have to take someone being brutally raped, kidnapped or anything else for students to be allowed to protect themselves and others at all times. I found this article and video extremely helpful because a lot of times these things arte swept under the rug and not tended to. This may have happened to hundreds and thousands of people without it being brought to light. If a rapist can hold someone up at gun point why can’t that same person protect themselves with a gun? I will be using this in my research paper as a question to the readers of how fair they think this is. Concealed carry is very important and it is imperative that people know many lives can be saved by the passing of one simple law. In order to get a clearer understanding of how everyday civilians feel about the legalization of concealed weapons I chose to interview a fellow peer around the same age range as I am. With this interview I planned to discover what other people’s opinions on concealed weapons were. I hoped to receive opposite points of views to be able to link the research I’ve found to the opinions of my interviewees. Along with their view points on the subject I wanted to find out why they felt that way about the subject and if there was a certain incident or reason that led them to that belief. Certain questions I asked them included, â€Å"do you or any other person you live with own a gun, why or why not?† These questions, if chosen to be answered, will signify how some people feel rather safe with concealed weapons around them in case of an emergency or incident. I gave them the option beforehand to reject their right to answer the question in hopes that no one would be made uncomfortable with the interviewing process. I hoped that through my research, interviews, and surveys I would be able to bring together many facts as to persuade the readers that legalizing concealed weapons is the right thing to do at this time, not only for us as individuals but for the children, our families, and the surrounding communities’ safety. Below is an overview of the interview concluded with a fellow peer and me. Interviewer (I) Person Being Interviewed (P) I: First, I would like to thank you for taking the time to sit with me and speak with me. P: No problem, I’m glad to help any way I can however, I would like to keep my identity anonymous for this interview. I: That is completely understandable and I will be sure to keep your wishes. P: Thanks I: So let’s start with a little about yourself do you live with your parents or alone? Keep in mind at any time if you feel uncomfortable you can pass on any question. P: At this time I live alone just me and my dog *laughs* I: Great, so with that being said have you ever felt scared or nervous about your surroundings or simply living on your own in general? I know from personal experience I found that I get scared fast. P: In the beginning when I first moved in, of course, but after living alone for so long I kind of adapted to it I: I understand it just kind of becomes a part of you. Have you ever thought about or considered the concealed carry laws and how they affected you and everyone else? P: I really haven’t. I mean my parents never felt the need to bring it in our house to my knowledge so I never took it into major consideration, but I would not mind. Being a young female living alone I do sometimes feel rather vulnerable and maybe in someone’s eyes, a target. I: Would you support the cause if a bill was to be passed legalizing concealed weapons? With the passing of this law no matter where you went you would be able to protect yourself and maybe at some time protect others. P: I agree with it to an extent when it’s all done the right way. If classes don’t come with the gun permit then I may not be interested. It seems like they ask people to go out of their way to feel protected when this should be something we feel on a daily. Beyond a background check I don’t think the requirements for getting a gun should be so extensive. I: I’m glad you are so open about the subject. You’re insight and opinions help a great deal. Question, do you think that the more states that apply the concealed carry laws will reduce crime nationwide? P: To an extent I do but people are going to do what they want regardless. I look at it like this if there is a death  penalty intact and life in prison possible and people still do what they want, simply making guns legal to carry around won’t do that much. I: I, myself, have never thought of it in that light and I thank you for bringing that to the discussion. I believe I have all I need. Do you have any questions for me? P: No I don’t but thanks for including me. This interview attributed to my research a great deal for numerous reasons. Simply researching the subject one never truly gets the ideas and opinions of civilians who have not been victims to violent crimes. I plan to use this as a transition or connection between pro- and anti- legalizing concealed carry. Since I was not expecting to get as much out the interview that I did, I have a lot more to go off of for my paper. An everyday civilian’s point of view is very important to my research because often the only insight into this subject comes from people disagreeing or rejecting concealed weapons or someone who did not take the advantage of concealed weapons until after a traumatic incident occurred. For this interview, initially I was hoping to get an opinion from a person that was contradictory to my own beliefs and research but after completing the interview I realized that having someone agree with my point of view was that much more helpful. The person I interviewed preferred to remain anonymous wish I respect. Based on how the interview went and the amount of information I received my surveys will be rather similar. As in the interview I will give the person completing the survey the option of not answering the question so no one feels uncomfortable or refuses to do the survey. My questions will be general to find out how the ideas and opinions reflect the age range, ethnicity, and gender. Since the surveys will be done by SWIC students I expect to get a diverse opinion. Because I set a time limit on the interview I consequently asked less questions and the remainder of the questions I will incorporate on the survey just to get all the information that I desired. Referring to the interview there are many people male and female who may feel targeted by their surrounding communities. Based on the Constitution it is our natural born right to bear arms. In the interview she mentioned that the  fact that she was a young female living alone that she felt it may be necessary to obtain a handgun for safety and protection purposes. This leads me to believe that the majority of the population who agree and support the legalization of concealed weapons do so for the opportunity of self-defense from any criminal activity brought upon them. Although it goes unnoticed it seems as if some of the main people opposing concealed carry is politicians whom in an article I read, Double Standard, believe that in a sense only politicians should have the right to carry handguns. However, where does that leave the rest of the world? According to Patrick Krey, the author of Double Standard, in some states a law has been proposed to grant politicians and legislatures the right to own and carry concealed weapons wherever they please. As this is common with all the citizens, there was one issue. Politicians disliked the proposition because the restrictions for gun carry were too harsh. This made some feel that politicians possibly believed that their lives were more important than anyone else’s. Reporters took the story because it shined light on the reality that maybe the gun carry restrictions were too harsh and should be lightened for everyone as opposed to strictly politicians. Politicians were said to have been abiding by the quote in the book, â€Å"Animal Farm† by George Orwell, â€Å"All animals are equal but some are more equal than others.† A number of individuals feel that it is a double standard on the legislature’s part because it is okay for the gun carry restrictions to be strict and harsh for the citizens just not for the politicians. Because taxpayers cannot exclude themselves from any law they please less cases were reported of the number of concealed carry permits done in 2007. As a result of this, in 2007 out of 37 million people only approximately 40,000 citizens were licensed to carry a gun. Essentially, this article suggests that it is unfair and politicians should be able to abide by the same laws that they expect their citizens to without any changes. After reading this article my opinions of the topic began to flourish. Based on the standpoint of the politicians my point is strengthened and even more that valid. Any life is not more important than another. I feel that if concealed carry laws that are in place are lightened that they should be lightened for everyone eligible because politicians are not the only people  who encounter dangerous situations. There are many cases that go unmentioned where a concealed weapon would have been more than useful in the case of self-defense. In all, I feel like you are being elected by your people and if you feel the need to protect yourself then the individuals who placed you in your position should have that same right. You can conclude from the context clues that this was written by someone outraged at the proposed idea. Although it may be biased it is a good point regarding the topic. However, based off the fact that the majority of the article seemed like opinion I would not use this a rticle as a credible source but as an extra opinion supporting my point of view. Because there was very few supporting facts regarding the opinion it made the article seem amateur, in which I feel the article could have been a little more detail oriented. Based on the many articles that I have read, I noticed that there were a number of people that oppose the legalization of concealed carry. However, the individuals who are for it have valid reasons and explanations as to why they do. In one specific article I read, The Accessibility of Guns Protects Lives, a man applied for a concealed weapon but the process was so tedious and drawn out that it took him forever to get a response. Nonetheless, when the country felt vulnerable and scared of the 9-1-1 attack the process began to move along quicker than ever before. In this article the author applies for a concealed carry permit a little before the 9-1-1 incident occurred. While waiting for the process to be complete 9-1-1 happened and including his over 5,000 concealed carry permits were handed out without fees. While carrying his firearm wherever he goes, he not only aims to protect himself and his family but also his fellow citizens who may not be capable of protecting themselves. There are many individuals against the concealed carry permits however, the platform used in those arguments are faulty and unrealistic. In reality, the permit holders have better safety records than the police force. The people who are opposed to concealed carry are simply misguided and misinformed. Overall, being able to access a gun protects lives. This is my favorite article that I have read so far. My opinion on concealed carry laws mostly coincides with the thoughts and ideas with this individual  about how people are simply misinformed. Clearly the individual is pro-legalizing concealed weapons and has a strong foundation on why he believes making gun permits more accessible will furthermore help protect the community as opposed to raising crimes and the number of accidental deaths. The confidence and details that he uses to support his claim are very persuasive and partially credible. I say partially credible because it seems as if the majority of the article is based on mere opinion and reasoning. He vaguely inputs statistics to support his point of view. However, with that being said the points that are being made are valid and do make a lot of sense. This article will be the main article I use defending my point of view. I will incorporate statistics from other articles with the thoughts and reasoning of this article to make a strong foundation and a clear viewpoint and argument. Statistical proof and evidence is, I feel, the most important part of defending why one choose pro- or anti- legalizing concealed weapons along with creating a solid case and foundation of one’s beliefs. In the article, The Untold Triumph of Concealed-Carry Permits, the author David Kopel did a splendid job of using numerical data to support his standpoint in which the article is deemed more credible. Beginning in the 1980’s the states that granted the concealed carry rights typically only allowed police officers, retired police officers and individuals with political affiliations to carry handguns. Throughout the years there have been many discussions as to how concealed carry permits are to be issued and the precautions taken beforehand. Gradually the main focused of this law has been geared and proposed by women. That being said approximately one fourth of the applicants for a gun permit are women. To support the idea of how effective concealed carry laws are there were studies and cases done and put together comparing the homicide rates to the states with concealed carry laws as to those same states when those laws were not intact. It was found that there was not a significant amount of change in rates except in the State of Florida. With this state being assumed to have a 36% chance of homicides an immediate and steady decline began after these laws were put in place. Also in similarity with Florida, California whom has many counties with concealed carry laws a study was also done. It was shown in this study that counties that issue permits liberally had lower violent-crime rates than counties with restrictive policies; restrictive counties had lower rates than counties with prohibitive policies. All in all, people would simply like to have the choice placed in their hands on whether or not they would like to carry a handgun or not. Although included was not the entirety of the things mentioned, the main points were. Individuals who oppose the concealed carry laws may not be aware of the statistics backing the subject. In predominantly every case study each time it seemed to be a decline in crime for states that obtained the concealed carry laws in action. Although each state did not have a dramatic decline in crime at some point each state had some decline. Based on the research I have done and looked into there is no record of a state increasing in crime after placing concealed carry laws intact. This article is a valid and credible source that I will use to back up my opinion with numbers as opposed to just my words. This gave me the idea of asking the participants of my survey how they feel legalizing concealed weapons declines or increases crime. There was a lot of detailed information, statistics, and reasoning as to why the writer felt the need to write this article and making clear that their viewpoint w as pro-legalizing concealed weapons. Everyone has different opinions on this topic. In the beginning I was skeptical of performing surveys and interviews because in some cases people tend to change their viewpoints or mindsets to fit what they think you want to hear. Surprisingly, as I looked through the surveys and compared it to the interview I did I found that overall the majority was rather honest and deep rooted in their thoughts and opinions. As well as the interview, with this survey, I planned to discover what other people’s opinions on concealed weapons are. I would hope to receive opposite points of views to be able to link the research I’ve found to the opinions of my interviewees. Along with their view points on the subject I will also be looking to find out why they felt that way about the subject and if there was a certain incident or  reason that led them to that belief. These questions if chosen to be answered will signify how some people feel rather safe with concealed weapons around them in case of an emergency or incident. I will give them the option beforehand to reject their right to answer the question in hopes that no one will be made uncomfortable with the interviewing process. Hopefully through my research, interviews, and surveys I will be able to bring together many facts as to persuade the readers of my final essay that legalizing concealed weapons is the right thing to do at this time now only for us as individuals but for the children, our families, and the surrounding communities’ safety. In the beginning I asked simple demographic questions to put in perspective the audience that these opinions were coming from. Because gun control is such an important factor in the world, I chose to survey individuals close to or equal to my age. I was able to collect a good amount of diverse data and different opinions on the topic. In order to get a broad spectrum of people I had my instructor distribute the surveys through a couple of her classes. Consequently, I was not able to receive the diversity that I desired but with everyone participating correctly I was able to get some type of variation. First, let’s look at the diversity between males and females within this survey process. From the pie chart above, one would be able to see that there was almost an equal split between males and females. However, females slightly overpowered the males in numbers. There were a total of 13 males which totaled to 41% while the females had 19 which resulted in a 59%. Overall gender wise I received what I was looking fair because I was able to collect almost an equal amount of participants from each gender group. This allows me to get a fair understanding of how the thought process on legalizing concealed weapons differs between the two groups. Another difference I was hoping to recognize is the ethnicity between the two groups and how diverse they were. For the survey I gave the choices of Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, Asian, or Other. These categories would cover a majority of the ethnicities present on campus. I assumed my  data would be very diverse, but I was mistaken when I found out that in between the two gender groups there were some ethnicities nonexistent which skewed my data a little. Although I was a bit discouraged I stepped back and took a look at how I did the surveys. Seeing that I only did a portion of my instructor’s classes as opposed to all of them I limited myself to a specific group and age range. In addition to that it could also be because I only did surveys within school grounds. If I was to go outside of school and do extracurricular research I believe my results as far as gender and ethnicity would be more diverse because I would have the option to choose which person I surveyed . As you can see in the above graphs there was a show that there were predominantly more Caucasian male and females in both gender groups while males took 69% and females took 68%. To my surprise there were absolutely no Hispanics and very little African Americans which only appeared in the female portion. Based on this information and how the answers between the genders matched with their ethnicities were presented there was a sort of resemblance between the two. Lastly, one other point I was interested in making notice of was the people who were for and against legalizing concealed weapons. Being pro-legalizing concealed weapons myself and doing the research as to why people felt a specific way about it was one thing that caught my interest. I wanted to see how many people agreed with the way I felt and the reasons why and vice versa. Putting this in my survey got me a number of great responses. I categorized the responses in which a group of the participants were for legalizing concealed weapons because they felt that it was important for one to be able to protect them as it is their natural born right. Others who opposed mentioned that legalizing concealed weapons would only put more guns in the streets and give people more ammunition to commit crimes, in a sense â€Å"adding fuel to the fire.† Below you will see a graph as to how the responses differed from gender and responses. As on can see the results are rather closely related. It is not surprising, however, that the females were the ones to most support the cause. Typically  it is the women who are most targeted in the world and who feel most vulnerable to the events of everyday life. One thing that did surprise me was that there were more females against it which was 8 out of 19. With the males totaling to 4 out of 13 against concealed carry, it is easy to assume each genders viewpoint. Throughout the open ended portion of the question, the majority of females who were for CCW were so because they felt they had the right to protect themselves in the midst of criminal activity. On the opposite register, when it came to being against CCW all the males who said they were against it were so because they felt that more guns would equal more crime no matter how much rules were placed intact. However, take notice that none of the people who were against concealed weapons gave concrete evidence and support as to why they believe what they believed. So the question is why would you be against it if you have no supporting evidence that it brings danger to our communities? In conclusion, after long and tedious research processes one will be able to notice why concealed carry weapons would help our communities. The main reason for legalizing concealed carry is for the protection of each individual and the civilians around them. As one of the main deterrents of crime one will be able to tell that through statistical evidence and many sources that the legalization of concealed weapons has declined the crime rates in the states that have enacted those laws. There is clear evidence from survivor stories to interviews and surveys that show the majority of people believe that concealed carry laws will protect the people and consequently save lives. My viewpoint of the legalization for concealed weapons has greatly increased and I am more for it than before. After weighing out the opinions as to why people do not support it there is no source that is credible enough to give solid numerical or demographical evidence. Think about it. If it meant protecting your family, your friends, and yourself in the face of crime would you like yourself or anyone around you to have the assistance of handguns provided by the concealed carry laws? Legalizing Concealed Weapons Survey Please circle answer (All answers are optional) 1. Gender Male Female 2. Age fewer than 18 18-22 22-30 30+ 3. Ethnicity Caucasian African American Hispanic Asian Other 4. Have you ever heard about the law legalizing concealed weapons? Yes No 5. Do you know anyone victim to a crime that could have possibly been prevented with concealed weapons? Yes No 6. If a forum was being held would you be for or against legalizing concealed weapons, why? 7. What do you think will happen to the crime rates as a result of legalizing concealed weapons (increase, decrease, stay the same and why)? 8. Do you feel that there is enough awareness and information about this subject? Yes No 9. How much do you think this law will affect you 1-10 (1 being none 10 being extremely)? 10. Would you yourself be interested in participating in this law/movement? Yes No Works Cited Huntwork, David M. â€Å"The Accessibility of Guns Protects Lives.† Guns and Crime. Ed. Christine Watkins. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from â€Å"Concealed Carry and the Right of Self-Defense.† ConstitutionClub.org. 2011. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. Kopel, David. â€Å"The untold triumph of concealed-carry permits.† Policy Review 78 (1996): 9 . Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. Krey, Patrick. â€Å"Double standard.† The New American 18 Apr. 2011: 40. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.

Mystic River Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mystic River - Essay Example Other players could carry the potential to make the story a whodunit. However, actors in the film evoke genuine pain as they make the story actually deep. The director sets the film a blue-colour Boston neighbourhood. The plot that makes the Mystic River develops gradually. This gives the audience humble time to engulf the dynamism of the story with the aim of providing a solution to the crime. However, it is essential to mention that over its two and quarter hours flow, it stagnates at intervals. The film Mystic River offers solid performances from the first scene through to the last act. Tim Robbins treats the audience to a convincing presentation of the mentally crippled Boyle who fails to recover fully from his ordeal. Acting as the emotional wife to Boyle, Harden provides a hitherto performance. It is possible for every viewer to step into her shoes and empathise after feeling what she goes through. Among other issues, there is conflict, development of fear, and distrust in the process of struggling with the doubts about the connection of the murder to her husband. Sean Penn presents the most extraordinary performance in the entire family. Penn acting as DeNiro’s look-alike merges his souls and character coming out as Markum. In my opinion, the performance where Markum discovers that the daughter is dead presents the most wrenching part of the movie. Keeping him out of the scene of crime requires the effort of six police officers. The performance by Sean Penn is exemplary. Penn is settled in life and he boasts of a daughter named Emmy Rossum but acting as Katie out of his marriage. His lovely daughter dates Tom Guirry appearing on stage as Black Hawk Dawn, a boy from the neighbourhood albeit secretly. Ironically, for reasons not clear, Danny prefers hating the boy. He immediately comprehends half of what Jimmy puts forward that they belong to the world of hurt. As much as the film Mystic River tries

Sport and Recreation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sport and Recreation Management - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the modern world is alive to the fact that work is the key to economic, social, physical, and spiritual well-being. However, even as people focus on their works and relevant activities, they appreciate the significance of free time, recreational time, and leisure time in their endeavors. Indeed, there is a common assertion in the modern world that all work with no play makes Jack a dull boy that advocates for leisure time. Ideally, we can define leisure at any time that an individual spends away from work, entrepreneurship, maintenance activities, family activities, and academic activities. While defining leisure, we refer to time, which includes nondiscretionary time, working time, and leisure time where leisure is discretionary time. Worth noting is that all activities done during leisure time must be necessary and chosen at free will by individuals. In fact, there is a distinction between leisure and unavoidable activities with resp ect to the motive of any activity. More so, there is a difference between leisure and free time since some factors as social pressures may coerce individuals to engage in leisure activities. For instance, the need to keep up with the economic developments achieved by our colleagues may force one to spend leisure time in activities aimed at deriving economic value. In most cases, leisure time comes in small quantities during weekdays where different individuals and countries have diverse opinions on the value of leisure time. In America, many individuals have about 35 to 40 hours of leisure per week. The most common concept of leisure is social leisure that relates to actions pursued in a social setup since the social institution recognizes the significance of leisure. Different social settings determine the time available for leisure where some societies have individuals who value work more than any leisure activity hence deriving little leisure time. In most cases, women have less leisure time compared to men with respect to all leisure components. Ideally, the basic components of leisure include catering, visitor attractions, children’s play activities, sport and physical recreation activities, home-based leisure, countryside recreation activities as well as arts and entertainment.

Appropriatness of alternative methodologies for different Essay

Appropriatness of alternative methodologies for different organizational configurations - Essay Example These sub-systems are an interrelated set of activities which are executed to meet the goals of the organisation (Luthans 1985, p. 22). Hicks and Gullet (1975 p. 14) defines an organisation as a specific design of structure, people, duties and procedures. Structure explains the form of departments, the pecking order and committees. The structure influences the organisations competence and effectiveness. People refer to the abilities, attitudes and social relations of the employees of the organisation. Duties or tasks refer to the goals of the employees and the organisation. Procedures refer to the methodical approach used to perform tasks. Organisational structure thus refers to the institutional arrangements and mechanisms for mobilizing resources i.e. physical, financial, information and human resources at all levels of the organization. Organisation has been defined differently by numerous people. However, all definitions generally contain these five common features: Change can be said to be situations and events that occur in an organisation that have an effect in the way it operates (Huse and Bowditch 1973, p. 57). The effects can be positive or negative. There is need for organisations to embrace changes so that they can stay ahead of their competition. Several factors may necessitate change but this will be discussed later on in the paper. The phrase â€Å"organisational change† is about a major change in the organisation which might include issues like reorganization or adding up a new product or service (Gortner, Mahler and Nicholson 1987, p. 63). This is in contrast to smaller changes such as implementing a new computer procedure. Organisational change can look like such a vague occurrence but it is helpful especially if you can think of change in terms of a variety of dimensions. Organisations that offer services, either large or small scale, often view taking risks as the core of their business. True to

Samsungs Business Strategy Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Samsungs Business Strategy Report - Essay Example This is as occasioned by the ever-changing environments in which businesses operate. As each business entity is devising innovative ways of increasing their turnover and market base, the overall competitiveness of the industry is increased, thereby causing the rest of the entities in each specific industry to up the game in order to be at par with the industry (Hoskisson et al 2009, p. 178). Given that there are various industries and business entities all partaking in different business operations, each entity must come up with a strategy that will ensure it thrives in its line of business else it risks being knocked off the competition (Moreton et al 2012, p. 176). In order to achieve and maintain their niche or improve even further, the businesses must consider a variety of aspects including the internal and external factors, in order to ensure their continued success and dominance. Despite this, coming up with the right business strategy is not always an easy task. Various consid erations have to be made to identify the best path forward since a wrong move could send a firm on a downward trend (Sekhar 2009, p. 87). In light of the above, the analysis of Samsung Electronics Company Ltd. in relation to existing and probable business strategy modules would suffice a business strategy report. Samsung Electronics is a transnational electronics corporation based in South Korea. It is the main auxiliary of Samsung Group of companies and has been on a steady rise over the recent couple of years. It operates on the global market platform, with branches in most major cities of the world. Samsung has considerably grown over the last couple of years, thereby increasing its global employee base to upwards of 200000 (Sekhar 2009, p. 187). The company is involved in the manufacture of end user electronic products. On the broad platform, it operates mainly in two expansive business units. These are the end product faction and the module division. The product division is inv olved in the fabrication of user products especially home appliances such as video and audio equipment, kitchen electronics, computers, air conditioners, cameras, printers and communication equipment such as mobile phones and tablet computers. On the other hand, the module division is involved in the business of manufacturing product components such as semiconductors, display products such as LCD’s, TFT’s, AMOLED’s and storage devices such as SD and microSD cards (Russ 2010, p. 231). Moreover, they partake in electronic consumables such as toners and cartridges for printers apart from the aforementioned products. Given the nature of their businesses, the industry is often tumultuous especially due to the constant innovative technologies that grace the electronics and telecommunications industry (Cant et al 2008, p. 121). Samsung Electronics prides itself with the vision to inspire the world and create the future. Their company profile identifies three strengths in relation to their vision. These are new technology, innovative products and creative solutions, all in a bid to realize the stated vision. Moreover, their main focus is on the industry, the employees and their business partners, and they identify these as the keys to their growth and overall success (Moreton et al 2012, p. 88). Their focus on the industry is aimed at assessing the industry trends to enable them map the best strategy to be the market leader. Meanwhile, the partnership vision is aimed at considering their business associates and generating a correlation targeting success for both partners and the company itself (Cant et al 2008, p. 322). On the other hand, the employee vision has the objective to empower the employees and create a sense in them that lets them diligently partake in their duties

Toumin Essay-Baseball players using steroids should be banned Essay

Toumin -Baseball players using steroids should be banned - Essay Example One of the fundamental lessons and guidelines that kids are taught include saying no to drugs. However, in various sports publications and reports, the public has been made aware that the role models, Major League Baseball (MLB) players were reported to violate rules by using steroids that can damage the game and themselves repeatedly. In this regard, one contends that professional baseball players who use steroids should be banned from the game. MLB has faced and dealt with many issues in regards to players violating rules and policies resulting in suspension. However, players have been banned from baseball for serious offenses. For example, Pete Rose, former manager of the Cincinnati Reds and the all-time Major League leader in hits, was banned from baseball for gambling; and ultimately banned from the Hall of Fame (PETE ROSE STILL BANNED FROM HALL OF FAME). Marge Scott, former owner of Cincinnati Reds, was banned from baseball for saying racist slurs about African Americans and homosexual comments. Ferguson Jenkins, former Texas Rangers player, was banned for having possession of drugs trying to clear U.S. Customs. If these individuals mention were banned, the use of steroids, which is a greater offense, would ultimately be prevented through eliminating all players proven to have used it in the game. In an article written by Sari (2010), sports players are predominantly identified to manifest prolific use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), noted to have been synthetically obtained from testosterone, â€Å"the sex hormone that stimulates development of male sex characteristics and growth of muscles and bones† (68). Steroids were also reported to include performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) which likewise encompass human growth hormone (HGH) (Schmotzer, Kilgo and Switchenko). The reasons for using non-therapeutic

In networking communications, packet switching is more flexible than Research Paper

In networking communications, packet switching is more flexible than circuit switching because of the full potential bandwidth, error free data transfer and multiple communication sessions - Research Paper Example In circuit switching, one path exists which is dedicated to facilitating communication between two stations. This communication path consists of connected links (in a sequence) between different network nodes. Communication that takes place through circuit switching occurs in three phases: Data Transfer, Circuit Establishment and Circuit Disconnect (Furukawa, et al., 2010). Circuit establishment takes place on a link-by-link basis. It involves the connection of routes and allocation of resources. On the other hand, the circuit disconnect phase involves the withdrawal of the resources previously allocated. The switches have to know how they would find the route that would lead them to the destination. Further, the switches must determine a method of allocating the bandwidth that would help in the establishment of a connection. Another name for the bandwidth is Channel (Shao, Jones & Melhem, 2009). One of the properties of circuit switching makes it less preferable to packet switching is that circuit switching is inefficient. The channel assigns and dedicates the whole of its capacity during the entire time of a connection (Furukawa, et al., 2010). This means that in the even that there is no data going through the channel, the capacity of the channel goes to waste. This makes circuit switching to perform below the desired efficiency levels. The second property is the delay associated with circuit switching. Circuit switching has a long initial delay (Sun, et al, 2013). The time that this type of switching takes to establish a circuit to start the process of communication is long. In addition to that, even after the establishment of a circuit, circuit switching has delays in data transmission. After the establishment of the circuit, the transmission of information takes place at a fixed rate. Because the rate of data transmission is

World Heritage Sites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

World Heritage Sites - Essay Example In most cases the places that have been highlighted as world heritage sites usually have a special physical appearance or culture that is associated with it. The places are usually designated as those that have a special significance to humanity. The selection process of these places is usually a rather complicated one majorly due to the fact that there are several places that may all be proposed for inscription as a world heritage site. The body that elects those sites that are to be listed as the world heritage sites is the United Nations General Assembly. At the same time the list of all the heritage sites of the world is maintained by the International World Heritage Programme which is under the UNESCO. There are certain special conditions under which these sites may receive funds say for maintenance and upgrade from the World Heritage Fund kitty. There are certain countries that have had the chance to have several sites listed. An perfect example in this case happens to be Italy . It is to be noted that the country has close to 47 sites that have been inscribed as world heritage sites.... It is to be appreciated that as a result of the world heritage sites program there are some countries that have benefitted tremendously as a result of this .The main reason for this is because these sites automatically become tourist sites. Over the years these sites have always attracted large numbers of people who are marveled by the features they entail or at the same time there are those that visit the sites with the intention of getting to know more about them. The nomination process that has been set forth is quite a rigorous one especially for the country that wants some of its sites to be listed therein. For starters the country in question must first take an inventory of all its natural properties and cultures which it perceives to be of importance. In actual sense this is called coming up with the Tentative List. After this is done then the nomination process begins. It is to be noted that a country is not supposed to nominate a site or culture that is not in the Tentative List. After this is done those sites that have been selected are then to be placed in the Nomination File. After this is done there are bodies that evaluate the file and make their recommendations to the World Heritage Committee. These bodies include the World Conservation Union and The International Council of Monuments and Sites. The Heritage committee then meets once a year and this is the time when it makes the decision of whether to inscribe particular sites or not. Preservation and Development It may be asked that who owns the site once it has been inscribed as a world heritage site. In actual sense it is the property of the country that it is

Political Philosophy and Medium-paragraph Length Answer Essay Example for Free

Political Philosophy and Medium-paragraph Length Answer Essay Provide a medium-paragraph length answer to each question below (using full and complete sentences). The questions are about the readings listed on the syllabus for 2/19 and 2/26. 1. Identify and explain the two objections that Michael Sandel raises about Jeremy Bentham’s philosophy of Utilitarianism. 2. What are the three types of policies and laws that Michael Sandel identifies as being commonly rejected by libertarians? Briefly explain each type of policy, and explain why libertarians are philosophically opposed to them. 3. According to Mary Anne Warren (in â€Å"On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion†), what are the five central criteria for moral personhood, and what are the implications of this criteria on the issue of whether or not the fetus has the right to life? 4. According to Don Marquis (in â€Å"Why Abortion Is Immoral†), what is the property that the fetus possesses which makes abortion an immoral act? Why does Marquis say that abortion is just as wrong as killing an innocent adult person? 5. Judith Jarvis Thomson (in â€Å"A Defense of Abortion†) makes an argument about the morality of abortion when the pregnancy is due to rape by creating a fictitious example about being hooked up to an unconscious violinist. What are the elements of her example that make it analogous to the situation of pregnancy due to rape? What is the conclusion she draws about the morality of abortion in this situation, and what is the basis for this conclusion? Submission Guidelines Include your name and the assignment name (Homework Assignment 1) in the text of the document Include your name and the assignment name (Homework Assignment 1) in the name of the file that you submit.

The bounce of a Squash Ball Essay Example for Free

The bounce of a Squash Ball Essay However, some energy is lost as due to friction between the molecules in the air, and the surface of the ball. 3 This is during the time where the ball is in contact with the floor. There are really three stages here, I will show them below: i) ii) iii) In i, the ball has hit the ground, and because of inertia, the ball tries to keep moving and cant because the ground beneath it is solid. This causes the ball to change to a sort of oval shape, this change of shape causes some energy to be lost as heat and the kinetic energy to become Elastic Energy. Also, the ball hitting the ground will cause some energy to go on as sound and some will be sent through the surface as a wave. In ii, the ball is still, and has no energy other than Elastic Energy; it is exactly between i and iii. In iii, The Elastic Energy is being converted to Kinetic Energy, and causes the ball to go from the oval shape, back to its original shape, and bounces off of the ground. The Elastic Energy in the ball is now becoming Kinetic Energy again and the reshaping of the ball causes some more energy to be lost as heat. 4 Here the ball is going back up after bouncing off of the ground. The ball has Kinetic Energy, and again some energy is lost as heat due to friction between the air and the ball. 5 At this stage, the ball is stationary in the air because gravity has prevented it from rising any further. However, the ball is not as high as it was when it was dropped; this is because some energy was lost as heat. This stage links back to stage two repeatedly, until all of the energy from the ball has been lost, at which point it will become stationary on the ground. Prediction With this in mind, I am predicting that the higher the ball is dropped from, the higher it will bounce (due to increased energy). However, I predict that the ball will never reach the height it fell from because of energy which is lost as heat from friction and sound when it hits the ground. Calculating Epg The formula mgh (or Mass   Gravity   Height) will show the amount of Gravitational Potential Energy (Epg) the ball has at this stage. The mass of our ball was 0. 024 kg, which is constant (it doesnt change). The gravity here on Earth is 10N per kg of mass, for our ball this would mean 0. 24N, another constant. The height from which we drop the ball is a variable. Therefore to work out the Epg of the ball at any given height we would use the formula Height. We can shorten this to 0. 006 because mass and gravity are constant. For example, if we wanted to know how much Epg the ball had when held at 1. 00 m, we would do 0. 006 1. 00, which is 0. 006. The reason for calculating Epg is so that later on the kinetic energy (Ek) of the ball can be calculating, in turn allowing the velocity of the ball upon impact to be calculated. Method First of all, two metre sticks were placed vertically against a wall, one above the other, creating a makeshift double-metre stick, this was held against the wall. Next, the ball was held so that the bottom of it was aligned with the height (e. g. 1. 00 m). Meanwhile, another member of the team laid on the floor, facing the metre stick. The ball was then released when the member on the floor was ready. When the ball bounced up the member on the floor noted it down. This was repeated five times for each drop height (0. 8m, 1. 0m, 1. 2m, etc up to 2. 0m). After each drop height was done five times, the ball was heated to 40 degrees Celsius in a water bath. Our variable was the drop height of the ball. We chose the range 0. 6m 2. 0m because it achieves a good set of results, while not taking too much time after dropping from each height five times. We dropped the ball five times from each height and then obtained an average to try and get a good range of results, and also to eliminate anomalous results from our graphs. Results Table Drop Height (m) Gravitational Potential Energy (J) Bounce Height (m) Speed on Impact (m/sec) ms Analysis. The results in this table show that the Epg increases when the ball is held higher up. It also shows that the ball bounces higher when the drop height is higher, and that the ball will never bounce to the same height it was dropped from. One other thing my table shows is that the higher the drop height, the higher the speed of the ball on impact with the ground. This proves everything I predicted to be correct, and also correlates with my energy transfer diagram, which is what I based my prediction on. Ball Speed Epg = Ek on impact. To work out the velocity (speed) of the ball on impact we would use the formula v=VEk. First we need to know the value of Ek which is dependant on Evaluation There are just two anomalies, they are at 1. 4m and 1. 6m, they is quite far from the line of best fit. I believe the cause was human error perhaps in the inaccuracy of trying to see how high the ball was in a fraction of a second. If I had the chance to repeat this investigation, I would improve the procedure by improving the measuring system, perhaps by using a digital video camera to record how high the ball bounced and then playing it back frame by frame on a computer because it is very hard to see where the ball is in a fraction of a second with human eyesight. I would increase the range of results to be from 0. 2m maybe 5. 0m, because it would give a much larger range, in which perhaps the rule of the ball bouncing higher when dropped from higher would be incorrect.

The Relationship Between Jekyll And Hyde English Literature Essay

The Relationship Between Jekyll And Hyde English Literature Essay Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was a novella written by the Scottish writer-Robert Louis Stevenson. It made its place alongside other controversy novels of 20th century such as Dracula or Frankenstein. The story follows Mr. Utterson-a lawyer and a friend of Dr. Jekyll, through a horrifying and mysterious story. The main theme of the novella is how people having two opposite characteristics: the good and the evil, the realistic and the spiritual, the self-controlling and the frustrating. It also builds a picture of England under the shadow of Queen Victoria and its changing. A combination of Gothic horror, science-fiction, detective and adventure, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is fascinated from the very first page. Dr. Jekyll, a doctor, a member of the British upper class, whose background is excellent. He was born to a large fortune, an educated man who commands the respect of all. He grew up with an imperious desire to keep his head high before the public, thus he had to hide his irregularities with a morbid sense of a shame. Very early, Jekyll saw the need to hide his shameful part of himself. Also very early, he realized a profound duplicity of life, and mans dual nature. From his studying and experiencing, he came to a conclusion that man is not truly one, but truly two. As a scientist, Jekyll believed that it is necessity to separate the two identities, to prove his theory and to find the answers for his own questions about the polar twins that exists in every man, and how were they dissociated. Although he knew that it would risk death, his temptation of discovering was so strong that he decided to make a potion which he believed, would separate him from his polar twin, and took the poti on. The potion did not kill him but turns him into another person, his evil side of nature Edward Hyde. Hyde was described to be less robust and less educated than Jekyll, but was smaller, slighter and younger and above all, he was a pure evil. And the drug was a gate which Jekyll used to turn to Hyde, and from Hyde back to be Jekyll. Jekyll, who grew up and lived as a member of the upper class, and under the Victorian society, he had to stay away from vileness, vulgarity and villainy matters which a dignified and respectable scientist would not be associated with, and it started to bore him. But in the shape of Hyde, Jekyll could now again enjoy the activities that he pursued when he was young, while the respectable doctor remained safely from detection. That was the first slip that he made let himself being tempted. But Jekyll soon felt wonder and disgusted at what Hyde had done, for which he described to be inherently villainous, and his vicarious depravity. And one day, Jekyll woke up, not where he seemed to be, in his house in London, but in Hydes little room in Soho, in the body of Hyde. He had gone to sleep Henry Jekyll, but awoke Edward Hyde. That is when the feeling of terror and horror came to him he started to lose his control over Edward Hyde and his original and better self. But Jekyll did not want to give up Hyde because of his enjoyment to the adventures that he had done in the shape of Hyde. Jekyll was a like baby who indulged and was pampered by the activities performed by his double, even though he knew that he might turn himself entirely to be despised and friendless. He just treated Hyde as his errant son who must be punished and made the choice that he would keep his good side, but with some unconscious reservation not giving up the house in Soho nor destroying Hydes clothes. He remained to be Jekyll for two months, but after that, he was tortured with throes and longings as Hyde struggling after freedom. The extreme enjoyment that he had b een receiving as Hyde is ultimate, which led to Jekyll taking the transforming draught again. Jekylls enjoyment allowed Hyde to grow into stature and much stronger, he came out roaring after being repressed for long, and much worse, more devil. He now had to contend with his lust of evil, damned horrors of the evenings, the ugly face of my iniquity stared into his soul. However, Hyde was not denied because above all, Jekylls temptation was so strong that he still desired Hydes presence and his activities. That is why Jekyll always tried to protect his secret and did not tell or let anybody know about it. But he also could not let Hyde to peep out an instant when the murder case was overlooked or the hands of all men would be raised to take and slay him. Hyde started to take over while the good side Jekyll was weakened. That is when Jekyll was sitting in Regents Park in a fine, clear January day, he felt the symptoms of the transformation without the aid of any chemicals. Hyde appear ed because of Jekyll, who had been trying to prevent him, now desired to have him appear again. It was all about Jekylls emotional feelings that open the gate which he had been trying to close, and freed the devil. The connection between Hyde and Jekyll became so closely that we can not determine the two. The transformation had to be concealed and Hyde/Jekyll needed to get the drug in the laboratory. But it was dangerous to get the drug in Hydes shape. They made a plan, using Poole and Dr. Lanyon, to get the drug and also, to get their, or more correctly, Jekylls revenge on Lanyon. Although being a good friend with Hyde, Dr. Lanyon had always ridiculed Jekyll and his theory of the existence of evil inside man. After this point, Jekyll and Hyde developed a strange relationship. They hated each other. Jekyll hated Hyde because of his pure evil and his power over him. He also had the feeling of horror that Hyde would probably do more horrible things, and that is when he thought of a wa y that can stop Hyde committing suicide. Of course Hyde did not want to be destroyed so during the act of Jekylls dying after taking the poison, Hyde regained his power so that when Utterson and Poole broke the laboratorys door, they found the dead body not of Jekyll, but of Hyde. This was also the moment when Hydes power was the strongest, he had the extreme power over Jekyll. Clearly, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde gave the idea of mans duality nature. In Jekylls view, every soul contains two elements the good and the evil, and one is dominant. Thus, it does not mean that a good man never has an evil thought or behavior. Jekylls experiment, beside scientific matters, it was not what Jekyll expected it to be. He did not want his evil persona to gain control, but throughout the story, it proved that Jekylls temptation was the condition for Hyde to develop stronger. This means that when people are tempted, that is when they let their evil persona to grow.

Essay --

Before the Civil War ended, President Lincoln signed for the Emancipation Proclamation to be passed. When the Emancipation Proclamation was passed on January 1, 1863, it was a step toward freedom for African Americans. Although the proclamation freed few, and did not apply to â€Å"slaves in border states fighting on the side of the union,† it sent a message. Lincoln was sending a strong message, not only to the United States of America, but to the world, that the Civil War was no longer being fought to preserve the Union, but was being fought to end slavery (Ask Jones which citation from extra paper). African Americans described the proclamation as the â€Å"document for freedom,† it was hope. The Emancipation Proclamation, while it did not free the slaves, it was a road way toward the thirteenth amendment. In 1865 when President Lincoln was still in office, the Civil War ended, and left the South in shambles. The war left no option except the need to rebuild the Sout h. This was the beginning of reconstruction. Reconstruction originally began under President Lincoln, until April 15, 1865, when he was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, then President Andrew Johnson took over, and reconstruction took a turn for the worst. Under the short reign of Lincoln, blacks were able to reunite their families, receive land and work for themselves, as well as get an education, and establish black churches. When Johnson took office, after Lincoln’s assassination, reconstruction began to shift for the blacks; it no longer held the same meaning. Their land was taken, and their freedom to work for themselves began to diminish, slowly reconstruction began to return to the idea of slavery. Economics At the war’s end Congress established the Freedmen’s Burea... ...ural music, provide charity and support to those in need and developed the black political leaders. The black church was the beginning of the establishment of the black community, and the most important part of the black church: it was free of white supervision. Blacks struggled to save to build their churches, and often founded Baptist and Methodists churches. One of their most prominent churches was the African Methodist Episcopal (AME). Churches in the black community were a form of ranking. The Presbyterian, Congregational, and Episcopal churches were attended mostly by the â€Å"upper-class† blacks, such as the blacks that had been free prior to the civil war. Poorer blacks, found the â€Å"upper-class† black churches unappealing. Besides churches, blacks understood that they must learn to read, or they were not free. To blacks freedom and education were inseparable.

The Pigman :: essays research papers

The Pigman Lorraine is one of the main characters in the book called The Pigman. This book is about two kids, Lorraine and her good friend John. Lorraine has many different traits. One of her main traits is that she is paranoid. She also is very shy and softspoken, but can be a comedian otherwise. Lorraine can be extremely paranoid about doing things that she hasn't done before. She won't want to try something new unless it looks perfectly safe. Not that it is a bad thing, just that a lot of times it seems to get in the way of her having a good time. She seems to get this from her mother, which is always worried about her daughter and what boys might do to her. Lorraine's mother worries that she is wearing too short of dresses, or that the things that she wears are too "sexual". Even though Lorraine is quite paranoid, she doesn't seem to have a problem with ditching school. This is something that her and John would do often after they met the Pigman, Mr. Pignati. It seemed that she would never be the type to throw a party. It seemed in a way that John convinced her into it in a way. Lorraine can also be shy and softspoken. She never really stood up to her mom or rebelled in any way like John did. When her and her mom got into a fight, she was thinking about how she wanted to yell at her mom and the next minute she was over at the table comforting her. This showed that she did care about her mother, even if her mother was kind of strict. She would go along with a lot of things that John said just because she didn't want to stand up to him. This showed that she didn't really have a backbone, and that she was easily pushed around. Lorraine can also be a comedian. Her and John and Pigman would all take turns entertaining eachother by dressing up or doing something stupid, and she kept right up with them. She seemed to like to entertain people, but she just had to be in the right mood.

Judgment and Superficiality Essay -- Shakespeare Beauty Shallow Essays

Judgment and Superficiality Beauty is only skin deep Beauty is in the eye of the beholder   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Beauty is only skin deep† and â€Å"Beauty is in the eye of the beholder† can be very controversial quotes to some people. Those quotes are all based on how they are viewed by other people. You may not believe in them but others might believe strongly in them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, â€Å"Beauty is only skin deep† all depends on what type of person you are. Both quotes rate directly to each other but let’s pull them apart separately. I think that ‘Beauty is only skin deep’ is expressed in many ways by people. If you are not one of those beautiful people in this world then to some people you mean nothing. When you look around a normal school you see clicks right? Well that’s what I am talking about. You see the people who express them selves by wearing darker clothes, and the people who always wear the trendy and instyle clothes. Sometimes you get jealous and say mean things because either you wished you looked like them or you want the things they have. But we were all created differently. You have to like yourself first for anyone else to like you. Relating to ‘Beauty is only skin deep’ means that people only look at what’s inside that counts. Some people believe at love at first s ight, what is all that about? That means they like the person just from seeing them. So many people in this world can relate. People judge people. You look around and think by the clothes or hairstyle this girl wears that she can either not afford them or chooses to be that way. So you think she is poor. Doesn’t she deserve your attention too? I think that beauty is over rated. People need to look at your mind, your intelligence. Coming from a world where I get compliments a lot, saying that I am pretty I know what its like. I am not trying to be conceited but it’s just the truth. Being pretty is not all it’s cracked up to be. Since being pretty has got me a lot of compliments it also brings in the bad sides of things. Ultimately girls think that I am stuck up and a rich snob, If they knew me or got to know me they would hopefully think differently of me. They also think that since I am pretty that their boyfriends will like me and leave them or something, cause they get really jealous. I do not know why this is but they think I am a boyfriend stealer. When I am only interested in those limited ... ...her for other reasons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then Shakespeare also expresses in Act 3, Scene 1, when Titania wakes up and she falls in love in love with Nick Bottom the weaver. This shows that belief of ‘Beauty is only skin deep’ is irrelevant to that particular scene. Titania immediately falls head over heels for the boy and she chases him with every word. She sends her fairies to wait on him hand and foot to show her affection. Without even knowing him Titania wants him because of the evil spell the King of the fairies puts her under. He wants to embarrass her with something he knows will work, this shows that they know of the fact of love at first sight. Love at first sight is a saying people use on first opinions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why must people be so harsh and mute to the fact that the world is judge mental? I think that everyone knows that everyone else judges’ people they just do not want to admit anything or be wrong. Everyone one is so self involved at one time in another they do not stop and think what other people are feeling. These quotes do not just affect people but the feelings inside people. Next time you say that he/she is hot, think how immoral you are being to yourself and others.

Anaerobic Digestion Technology For Treatment Of Distillery Waste Environmental Sciences Essay

In recent old ages at that place has been a turning involvement in anaerobiotic intervention of effluents. Compared to aerobic growing, anaerobiotic agitation produces much less biomass from the same sum of COD remotion. Alcohol distillery is extremely H2O intensive units bring forthing big volumes of high strength effluent that poses serious environmental jobs. Anaerobic digestion is the most suited option for intervention of high strength organic wastewater. The presence of biodegradable constituents in the wastewaters coupled with the advantages. Considerable advancement has been achieved in the development of high rate anaerobiotic reactors with several constellations for handling concentrated industrial wastewater. Considerable sum of surveies have carried out utilizing Hybrid up-flow anaerobic sludge cover ( HUASB ) reactors. Treatment of exhausted wash generated from the distilleries is perceived as one of the serious pollution job of the states bring forthing intoxicant from the agitation and subsequent distillment of sugar cane molasses. Distillery wastewater is a contaminated watercourse with COD values of up to 80000-1, 30,000 mg/l and low pH Valuess of between 3 to 4. The HUASBR is widely used an effectual measure in taking the COD with a great efficiency. This paper reviews the suitableness and the position of development of anaerobiotic reactors for the digestion of selected organic wastewaters and critically analyzes the procedure parametric quantity for reactors and chief advantages of utilizing HUASBR for intervention of distillery effluent. Keywords: HUASB reactor, anaerobiotic digestion, Distillery spent wash, Wastewater intervention parametric quantities. Introduction One of the most of import environmental jobs faced by the universe is direction of waste. Industrial processes create a assortment of effluent pollutants ; which are hard and dearly-won to handle. Wastewater features and degrees of pollutants vary significantly from industry to industry. Now-a-days accent is laid on waste minimisation and gross coevals through by-product recovery. Rapid industrialisation has resulted in the coevals of a big measure of wastewater with high organic content, which if treated appropriately, can ensue in a ageless beginning of energy [ 2 ] . In recent old ages, anaerobiotic effluent intervention has become a engineering of turning importance, particularly for extremely polluted effluent from the sugar & A ; distillery industries [ 5 ] . Distillery spent wash refers to the wastewater generated from intoxicant distilleries. On an mean 8-15 litres of wastewater is generated for every litre of intoxicant produced [ 1, 4 ] . India has about 319 distilleries ; bring forthing 3.25 billion litres of intoxicant and bring forthing 40.4 billion litres of effluent yearly [ 1 ] . The fabrication procedure involves agitation of diluted sugar cane molasses with barm. The agitation last about 80 hours and ensuing merchandise contains 6-8 % intoxicant. The barm cells are separated by settling and cell free stock is steam distilled and rectified to obtain 94-95 % intoxicant [ 4 ] . The residue of fermented mash which comes out as liquid waste is termed as exhausted wash [ 1 ] . The effluent generated from distillment of fermented mash is in the temperature scope 70-800c, deep brown in colour, acidic in nature ( low pH ) , and has high concentration of organic stuffs and solids. It is a really complex, caramelized and cumbrous agro industrial waste. However the pollution burden of the distillery wastewater depends on the measure of molasses, unit operations for processing of molasses and process recovery of intoxicants [ 1 ] . TABLE ( 1 ) Typical features of distillery spent wash [ 4 ] .Sr. No.ParameterScope1. pH 3.80-4.40 2. Sum Suspended Solids ( mg/lit. ) 12,000-14,000 3. Entire Dissolved Solids ( mg/lit. ) 58,000-76,000 4 Entire volatile solids ( mg/lit. ) 45000-65000 5 B.O.D.,200C, 5 yearss ( mg/lit. ) 45,000-60,000 6 C.O.D. ( mg/lit. ) 80,000-1,30,000 7 Raw-colour Dark- brown 8 Chlorides ( mg/lit. ) 5000-8000 Distillery spent wash has really high BOD, COD and high BOD/COD ratio. The sum of organic substances such as N, K, phosphates, Ca, sulphates is besides really high.. High COD entire N and entire phosphate content of the influent may ensue in eutrofication of the natural H2O organic structure. Disposal of the distillery spent wash on land is every bit risky to the flora it is reported to cut down dirt alkanity and manages handiness, therefore populating seed sprouting. Application of distillery spent wash to dirty without proper monitoring, earnestly affects the land H2O quality by changing its physiochemical belongingss such as colour, pH, electric conduction due to leaching down of organic and inorganic ions. In malice of the fact of that there is the negative environmental impact associated with industrialisation, the consequence can be minimized and energy can be tapped by agencies of anaerobiotic digestion of the waste H2O [ 2 ] . Biological intervention of the distillery spent wash is 8 aerophilic and anaerobiotic but in most instances the combination of both is used. A typical COD/BOD ratio of 1.8to1.9 indicates the suitableness of influent of biological intervention [ 1 ] . In recent twelvemonth considerable attending has been paid toward the development of reactor for anaerobiotic intervention of waste taking to transition of organic molecule into biogas. This reactor known as 2nd coevals reactor or hello rate digester can manage waste at a high organic lading rate of 24kg. COD / M3 twenty-four hours and high up flow speed of 2 mm/h at a low hydraulic keepings clip [ 2 ] . Anaerobic digestion is the most suited option for the intervention of high strength organic wastewaters. The presence of biodegradable constituents in the wastewaters coupled with the advantages of anaerobiotic procedure over other intervention methods makes it an attractive option. 1.1 Development of Anaerobic Reactors: 1. Septic Tank 2. Imhoff Tank 3. Single phase anaerobiotic reactors 4. Anaerobic Filter 5. Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor 6. Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ( UASBR ) . High RATE ANAEROBIC REACTORS All modern high rate biomethanation procedures are based on the construct of retaining high feasible biomass by some manner of bacterial sludge immobilisation. These are achieved by one of the undermentioned methods. * Formation of extremely settleable sludge sums combined with gas separation and sludge subsiding, e.g. upflow anaerobiotic sludge cover reactor and anaerobic baffled reactor. * Bacterial fond regard to high denseness particulate bearer stuffs e.g. fluidized bed reactors and anaerobic expanded bed reactors. * Entrapment of sludge sums between packing stuff supplied to the reactor, e.g. down flow anaerobiotic filter and up flow anaerobiotic filter. 2.1. Fixed movie reactor: In stationary fixed movie reactors ( Fig. 1 ) , the reactor has a bio-film support construction ( media ) such as activated C, PVC ( polyvinyl chloride ) supports, difficult stone atoms or ceramic rings for biomass immobilisation. The effluent is distributed from above/below the media. Fixed movie reactors offer the advantages of simpleness of building, riddance of mechanical commixture, better stableness at higher burden rates, and capableness to defy big toxic daze tonss and organic daze tonss. The reactors can retrieve really rapidly after a period of famishment. The chief restriction of this design is that the reactor volume is comparatively high compared to other high rate procedures due to the volume occupied by the media. Another restraint is choke offing of the reactor due to increase in bio-film thickness and/or high suspended solids concentration in the effluent [ 2 ] . Feed storage armored combat vehicle Feed TABLE ( 2 ) Features of reactor types [ 4 ] . Anaerobic Reactor Type Start up period Imparting Consequence Effluent Recycle Gas solid separation Device Carrier Packing Typical Loading rates ( kg COD/m3day ) HRT ( vitamin D ) CSRT— –Not Present Not required Not required Not indispensable 0.25-3 10-60 UASB 4-16 Low Not required Essential Not indispensable 10-30 0.5-7 Anaerobic Filter 3-4 High Not required Beneficial Essential 1-4 0.5-12 AAFEB 3-4 Less Required Not required Essential 1-50 0.2-5 AFB 3-4 Non-existent Required Beneficial Essential 1-100 0.2-5 2.2. Up flow anaerobic sludge cover reactor: UASB engineering is being used extensively for wastewaters from different beginnings such as distilleries, nutrient treating units, tanneries and municipal effluent. The active biomass in the signifier of sludge granules is retained in the reactor by direct subsiding for accomplishing high MCRT thereby accomplishing extremely cost-efficient designs. A major advantage is that the engineering has relatively less investing demands when compared to an anaerobiotic filter or a fluidized bed system. Among noteworthy disadvantages, it has a long start-up period along with the demand for a sufficient sum of farinaceous seed sludge for faster startup. Furthermore, important wash-out of sludge during the initial stage of the procedure is likely and the reactor needs skilled operation. A UASB reactor ( fig. 2 ) basically consists of gas-solids centrifuge ( to retain the anaerobic sludge within the reactor ) , an inflowing distribution system and outflowing draw off installations. Effluent recycle ( to fluidize the sludge bed ) is non necessary as sufficient contact between effluent and sludge is guaranteed even at low organic tonss with the influent distribution system. Besides, significantly higher lading rates can be accommodated in farinaceous sludge UASB reactors as compared to flocculent sludge bed reactors. In the latter, the presence of ill degraded or no biodegradable suspended affair in the effluent consequences in an irreversible crisp bead in the specific methanogenic activity because the spread solids are trapped in the sludge. Furthermore, any important granulation does non happen under these conditions. The maximal loading potency of such a woolly sludge bed system is in the scope of 1-4 kilograms COD/m3 twenty-four hours. Yet another high rate digest er, EGSB, is a modified signifier of UASB in which a 5-10 m/h as compared to 3 m/ H for soluble effluent and 1-1.25 m/h for partly soluble somewhat higher superficial liquid speed is applied effluent in an UASB ) . Because of the higher up flow speeds, chiefly farinaceous sludge will be retained in an EGSB system, whereas a important portion of farinaceous sludge bed will be in an expanded or perchance even in a fluidized province in the higher parts of the bed. As a consequence, the contact between the effluent and sludge is first-class. Furthermore, the conveyance of substrate into the sludge aggregates is much better as compared to state of affairss where the commixture strength is much lower. The maximal accomplishable lading rate in EGSB is somewhat higher than that of an UASB system, particularly for a low strength V & A ; A containing effluent and at lower ambient temperatures. Fig.2 UASB Reactor. 2.3. Anaerobic fluidized bed reactor: In the anaerobiotic fluidized bed ( Fig. 3 ) , the media for bacterial fond regard and growing is kept in the fluidized province by retarding force forces exerted by the up streamlined effluent. The media used are little atom size sand, activated C, etc. Under fluidized province, each media provides a big surface country for biofilm formation and growing. It enables the attainment of high reactor biomass hold-up and promotes system efficiency and stableness. This provides an chance for higher organic burden rates and greater opposition to inhibitors. Fluidized bed engineering is more effectual than anaerobiotic filter engineering as it favors the conveyance of microbic cells from the majority to the surface and therefore enhances the contact between the micro-organisms and the substrate.Fig. 3 Anaerobic fluidized bed reactorThese reactors have several advantages over anaerobiotic filters such as riddance of bed clogging, a low hydraulic caput loss combined with better hydraulic circu lation and a greater surface country per unit of reactor volume. Finally, the capital cost is lower due to cut down reactor volumes. However, the recycling of wastewater may be necessary to accomplish bed enlargement as in the instance of expanded bed reactor. In the expanded bed design, micro-organisms are attached to an inert support medium such as sand, crushed rock or plastics as in fluidized bed reactor. However, the diameter of the atoms is somewhat bigger as compared to that used in fluidized beds. The rule used for the enlargement is besides similar to that for the fluidized bed, i.e. by a high up flow speed and recycling. 2.4 The Anaerobic filter Processes ( AF ) : Biofiltration uses bacterial immobilisation by agencies of sludge of movies on an inert support stuff & A ; the entrapment of sludge flocs within the macro-porous construction of the bearer stuff to retain as much of the active sludge as possible. Particularly designed bearer stuffs are available, normally made of polythene or polypropene. They are extremely voided to cut down the hazard of choke offing & A ; have specific surface between 100 & A ; 200 m2per m3carrier stuffs. Anaerobic filter are used whenever non-granular or non settable sludge is expected & amp ; when available country is limited. The high biomass concentration inside the reactor allows volumetric lading rates of 5to10kg COD/m3per twenty-four hours. A disadvantage of the Anaerobic Filter is the comparative high cost of the bearer stuff. 2.5 The Hybrid Reactor: – Hybrid Type of reactor is a combination of an Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor with an anaerobiotic filter or an anaerobiotic contact procedure or a combination of the three types. The first intercrossed Type of reactor is similar to an UASB, except for the three-phase centrifuge. The centrifuge is replacing by a later of drifting bearer stuff. This material serves a dual map ( 1 ) To divide & amp ; retain a big maps of sludge in the reactor before the influent use the reactor, and ( 2 ) To carries active sludge in the porous infinite of the bearer stuff itself. This type of reactor is called the up flow anaerobic contact filter reactor ( UACF ) The 2nd type of intercrossed reactor has late been developed for waste H2O demoing no granule formation & A ; necessitating a longer hydraulic keeping clip. It is called by up flow Anaerobic contact reactor ( UAC ) .This reactor allows some bio mass accretion in the lower portion of the reactor the reactor is non wholly mix which is instance for the anaerobiotic contact ( AC ) reactor but is equipped with a sophisticated influent distribution system similar to the 1 for the ( UASB ) reactor [ 5 ] . 3. CONTROL OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION The anaerobiotic digestion procedure is affected significantly by the operating conditions. As the procedure involves the formation of volatile acids, it is of import that the rate of reaction be such that there is no accretion of acids, which would ensue in the failure of the digester. This, in bend, is governed by the burden rate and the inflowing strength. Temperature and pH are other of import variables as the methane bring forthing bacteriums are sensitive to these as good. 3.1. Consequence of temperature Anaerobic digestion is strongly influenced by temperature and can be grouped under one of the undermentioned classs: psychrophilic ( 0-20A °C ) , mesophilic ( 20- 42A °C ) and thermophilic ( 42-75A °C ) . The inside informations of the bacterial procedures in all the three temperature scopes are good established though a big subdivision of the reported work trades with mesophilic operation. Changes in temperature are good resisted by anaerobiotic bacteriums, every bit long as they do non transcend the upper bound as defined by the temperature at which the decay rate begins to transcend the growing rate. In the mesophilic scope, the bacterial activity and growing lessenings by one half for each 10A °C bead below 35A °C.Thus, for a given grade of digestion to be attained, the lower the temperature, the thirster is the digestion clip. The consequence of temperature on the first phase of the digestion procedure ( hydrolysis and acidogenesis ) is non really important. The 2nd an d 3rd phases of decomposition can merely be performed by certain specialised micro-organism ( acidognic and methanogenic bacteriums ) and therefore, these are much more sensitive towards temperature alteration [ 3 ] . However, an of import feature of anaerobiotic bacteriums is that their decay rate is really low at temperatures below 15A °C. Therefore, it is possible to continue the anaerobiotic sludge for long periods without losing much of its activity. This is particularly utile in the anaerobiotic intervention of effluent from seasonal industries such as sugar Millss. 3.2. Consequence of pH Anaerobic reactions are extremely pH dependant. The optimum pH scope for methane bring forthing bacteriums is 6.8-7.2 while for acid-forming bacteriums, a more acerb pH is desirable. The pH of an anaerobiotic system is typically maintained between methanogenic bounds to forestall the predomination of the acid-forming bacteriums, which may do V & A ; A accretion. It is indispensable that the reactor contents provide plenty buffer capacity to neutralize any eventual V & A ; A accretion, and therefore prevent build-up of localised acid zones in the digester. In general, sodium-bicarbonate is used for supplementing the alkalinity since it is the lone chemical, which gently shifts the equilibrium to the desired value without upseting the physical and chemical balance of the delicate microbic population. 3.3. Consequence of foods The presence of ions in the provender is a critical parametric quantity since it affects the granulation procedure and stableness of reactors like USAB. The bacterium in the anaerobiotic digestion procedure requires micronutrients and hint elements such as N, phosphoric, sulfur, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Ni, Co, Zn, manganese and Cu for optimal growing. Although these elements are needed in highly low concentrations, the deficiency of these foods has an inauspicious consequence upon the microbic growing and public presentation. Methane organizing bacteriums have comparatively high internal concentrations of Fe, Ni and Co. These elements may non be present in sufficient concentrations in effluent watercourses from the processing of one individual agro industrial merchandise like maize or murphies or the effluent derived from condensates. In such instances, the effluent has to be supplemented with the hint elements anterior to intervention. The needed optimum Degree centigrades: Nitrogen: P ratio for enhanced output of methane has been reported to be 100:2.5:0.5. The minimal concentration of macro and micronutrients can be calculated based on the biodegradable COD concentration of the effluent, cell output and alimentary concentration in bacterial cells. The food Concentration in the influent should be adjusted to a value equal to twice the minimum alimentary concentration required in order to guarantee that there is a little surplus in the foods needed. 3.4. Consequence of organic burden rate In anaerobiotic effluent intervention, lading rate dramas an of import function. In the instance of nonattached biomass reactors, where the hydraulic keeping clip is long, overloading consequences in biomass washout. This, in bend, leads to treat failure. Fixed movie, expanded and fluidized bed reactors can defy higher organic burden rate. Even if there is a daze burden ensuing in failure, the system is quickly restored to normal. In comparing to a CSTR system, fixed movie and other affiliated biomass reactors have better stableness. Furthermore, high grade of COD decrease is achieved even at high lading rates at a short hydraulic keeping clip. Anaerobic fluidized bed appears to defy maximal lading rate compared to other high rate reactors. 4. FACTORS GOVERNING REACTOR CHOICE A engineering is acceptable to an industry if it requires less capital, less land country and is more dependable when compared to the other good established options for an anaerobiotic digestion system ; this translates into the procedure being able to run at high organic and hydraulic burden rates with minimal operation and care demands. To take the most appropriate reactor type for a peculiar application, it is indispensable to carry on a systematic rating of different reactor constellations with the effluent watercourse. The organic and hydraulic lading potency of a reactor depends on three factors Viz: *iˆ Amount of active biomass that can be retained by a reactor per unit volume. * Contact chance between the maintained biomass and the entrance effluent. * Diffusion of substrate within the biomass. With these considerations, farinaceous sludge UASB reactor stands out distinctively as the best pick with the lone restrictions being the inclination of granules to drift and shearing of granules at high lading rates. These restraints are besides valid to a lesser grade for affiliated biomass reactors ( such as fixed movie, fluidized bed and rotary biological contactors ) . In add-on, due to the infinite occupied by the media, the affiliated biomass reactors possess relatively lower capacity for biomass keeping per unit volume of the reactor. The latter depends on the movie thickness, which would be the highest in a fluidized bed reactor due to big surface country available for biomass fond regard. Besides, there is better contact between the biomass and the entrance effluent in both fluidized bed and EGSB systems. However, due to the high upflow speed, the substrate diffusion in the biomass is limited in these constellations. Based on these factors, it appears that the maximal accomplishable lading rates with soluble effluent would diminish in the undermentioned sequence: UASB & gt ; EGSB & gt ; fluidized bed reactor & gt ; anaerobiotic filter. The capital cost of the reactors and the land country demands, hence, follows the same order. The digester operation and care demands are minimal if the procedure is reasonably stable towards fluctuations in effluent features and alterations in environmental conditions. Susceptibility of the procedure depends on the possible use of the reactor and therefore a system runing near maximal loading conditions is more sensitive. Based on the comparings of assorted reactor types, the undermentioned order can be recommended for reactor pick: Parameters Rating Operating accomplishments: Fixed movie & lt ; UASB & lt ; RBC & lt ; Fluidized bed. Energy ingestion: UASB & lt ; fixed movie & lt ; EGSB & lt ; fluidized bed & lt ; RBC Capital cost, land demand: RBC & lt ; fixed movie & lt ; UASB & lt ; EGSB & lt ; fluidized bed 5. HUASB REACTOR & A ; ITS PERFORMANCE: The loanblend up flow anaerobic sludge cover ( HUASB ) reactor has received widespread credence and has been successfully used to handle a assortment of industrial every bit good as domestic effluents. In the HUASB procedure, the whole waste is passed through the anaerobiotic reactor in an up flow manners, with a hydraulic keeping clip ( HRT ) of merely about 8-10 hours at mean flow. No anterior deposit is required.COD removal efficiencies depends mostly on effluent type ; nevertheless the remotion efficiency with regard to biodegradable COD is by and large in surplus of 85 or even 90 % . The biodegradable COD is sometimes reflected in the parametric quantity biological O demand ( BOD ) . The four top applications of high rate anaerobiotic reactor systems are for: Breweries & A ; drink industry. Distilleries and agitation industries. Food industries. Pulp & A ; paper industries. Furthermore in warm clime the HUASB construct is besides suited for the domestic effluent. Advantages of Anaerobic Reactors: Low energy cost Less bio-mass coevals Less solid waste to dispose Stable digested sludge is produced Less infinite required Off-gas air pollution eliminated Restrictions of HUASBR: *Post Aerobic Treatment is required ( one twenty-four hours smoothing pool for sewerage ) . *To meet coli signifier degree in the treated wastewater ripening pool or chemical intervention is required. Decision A brief sum-up of consequences of research lab and pilot graduated table surveies extracted from expensive literature study are presented. The HUASBR engineering is good suited for the pre-treatment of high strength distillery wastewaters. It must be noted that this is merely when the procedure has been successfully started up and it is in stable operation. It order to accomplish a consecutive start up it is recommended that the reactor be started up at a low lading rate between 4-8 Kg.COD/m3.day and the COD remotion efficiency must be monitored carefully. Attention must besides be paid to the temperature and high burden rate should non be applied until the temperature in the reactor has reached the recommended 34 to 360c.This particularly of import in outflowing steams that have low flow rate with correspondingly high COD concentration such as distillery waste. Once the works has been successfully started up, fluctuations in volumetric burden rate do non significantly affect the pub lic presentation of the reactor. Recognition The literature reviewed in this paper is the portion of ongoing thesis work name â€Å" Study on public presentation of Tapered conelike shaped intercrossed Upflow anaerobic sludge cover Reactor ( HUASBR ) for intervention of distillery spent wash † at SGB University, Amravati under the counsel of Dr. N. W. Ingole. The writer thanks the Principal, J. T. M. C. O. E. Faizpur, Dist- Jalgaon for widening all installations for carry oning the research work.